Metrics & Indicators Innovation Ecosystem
1. Global Innovation Index (GII) 2025
1.1 Methodology
Source: WIPO Global Innovation Index 2025
URL: https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2025/en/appendix-i-conceptual-and-measurement-framework-of-the-global-innovation-index.html
Coverage: 132 economies
Indicators: 80 total (38 input, 42 output)
1.2 Seven Pillars
| Pillar |
Indicators |
Sub-indices |
| 1. Institutions |
8 |
Political & regulatory environment, Business environment |
| 2. Human Capital & Research |
8 |
Education, Tertiary education, R&D |
| 3. Infrastructure |
7 |
ICT, General infrastructure, Ecological sustainability |
| 4. Market Sophistication |
7 |
Credit, Investment, Trade, Competition, Market scale |
| 5. Business Sophistication |
8 |
Knowledge workers, Innovation linkages, Knowledge absorption |
| 6. Knowledge & Technology Outputs |
9 |
Knowledge creation, Impact, Knowledge diffusion |
| 7. Creative Outputs |
6 |
Intangible assets, Creative goods & services, Online creativity |
1.3 Indonesia GII 2025
| Metric |
Rank |
Score |
Category |
| Overall GII |
#56 |
35.6 |
Upper middle income |
| Innovation Input |
#52 |
38.2 |
Above average |
| Innovation Output |
#62 |
33.0 |
Below average |
Perubahan dari 2024:
- 2024: Rank #59 (score 34.6)
- 2025: Rank #56 (score 35.6)
- Peningkatan: +3 posisi, +1.0 poin
Kekuatan Indonesia (Top 20)
| Pillar |
Rank |
Score |
Keterangan |
| Market Sophistication |
#35 |
46.5 |
Strength |
| Business Sophistication |
#43 |
40.2 |
Strength |
| Infrastructure |
#62 |
35.4 |
Average |
| Institutions |
#68 |
32.1 |
Below average |
| Human Capital & Research |
#78 |
28.5 |
Weakness |
| Creative Outputs |
#82 |
27.8 |
Weakness |
| Knowledge & Technology Outputs |
#91 |
22.3 |
Critical weakness |
Gap Utama
| Gap |
Current |
Target (2045) |
Strategi |
| Knowledge Outputs |
#93 |
Top 30 |
R&D intensity, university-industry collaboration |
| Technology Outputs |
#88 |
Top 30 |
Patent commercialization, tech transfer |
| Human Capital |
#78 |
Top 40 |
DBMTN, STEM education |
1.4 Sub-indices Detail
Innovation Input Sub-indices
| Sub-index |
Rank |
Score |
Key Indicators |
| Political & regulatory environment |
#65 |
33.2 |
Political stability, Regulatory quality |
| Business environment |
#71 |
30.8 |
Ease of doing business, Credit access |
| Education |
#82 |
27.5 |
School enrollment, PISA scores |
| Tertiary education |
#75 |
29.1 |
University enrollment, STEM graduates |
| R&D |
#85 |
25.3 |
R&D expenditure, Researchers |
| ICT |
#68 |
31.5 |
Internet users, Mobile subscriptions |
| General infrastructure |
#59 |
36.2 |
Logistics, Transport |
| Ecological sustainability |
#72 |
29.8 |
CO2 emissions, Energy |
Innovation Output Sub-indices
| Sub-index |
Rank |
Score |
Key Indicators |
| Knowledge creation |
#88 |
23.5 |
Patents, Scientific articles |
| Knowledge impact |
#92 |
21.8 |
Labor productivity, GDP growth |
| Knowledge diffusion |
#95 |
20.2 |
FDI, Technology balance |
| Intangible assets |
#79 |
28.1 |
Trademarks, Industrial designs |
| Creative goods & services |
#85 |
26.5 |
Cultural exports, Creative industries |
| Online creativity |
#76 |
29.3 |
Apps, Digital content |
2. StatCan Innovation Ecosystem Performance Indicators (IEP)
2.1 Methodology
Source: Statistics Canada (2024)
URL: https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-633-x/11-633-x2024003-eng.htm
Approach: Two types of indicators:
1. Activity-related: Measures of innovation activity (patents, R&D, collaboration)
2. Outcome/Impact: Measures of innovation outcomes (productivity, growth, employment)
2.2 Key Indicators
| Category |
Indicator |
Description |
| Innovation Activity |
R&D expenditure |
% of GDP spent on R&D |
| Innovation Activity |
Patent applications |
Number of patent applications filed |
| Innovation Activity |
Trademark registrations |
Number of trademark registrations |
| Collaboration |
University-industry R&D |
% of R&D conducted jointly |
| Collaboration |
Knowledge transfer |
Number of technology licenses |
| Outcome |
Labor productivity |
GDP per hour worked |
| Outcome |
High-tech exports |
% of manufactured exports |
| Outcome |
Innovation employment |
% of employment in innovation sectors |
2.3 Relevance for Indonesia
| StatCan Indicator |
Indonesia Data |
Gap |
| R&D expenditure (% GDP) |
0.28% (2023) |
Below OECD average (2.7%) |
| Patent applications |
15,000/year |
Below Singapore (20,000) |
| University-industry R&D |
18% (Shofiyani 2026) |
Below target 40% |
| High-tech exports |
6.5% of manufacturing |
Below target 15% |
3. MIT REAP (Regional Entrepreneurship Acceleration Program)
3.1 Framework
Source: MIT REAP
URL: https://reap.mit.edu/assets/Assessing-iEcosystems.pdf
Approach: Systematic assessment of innovation-driven entrepreneurship ecosystems
3.2 Five Dimensions
| Dimension |
Description |
Key Metrics |
| Talent |
Human capital availability |
STEM graduates, Researchers, Entrepreneurs |
| Capital |
Financial resources |
VC investment, Angel investors, Government grants |
| Knowledge |
Research & development |
R&D expenditure, Patents, Publications |
| Culture |
Entrepreneurial culture |
Risk tolerance, Success stories, Role models |
| Connectivity |
Networks & collaboration |
Industry-academia links, Clusters, Global connections |
3.3 Assessment Framework
┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
│ MIT REAP ASSESSMENT │
│ │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ TALENT ││
│ │ • STEM graduates per 100k population ││
│ │ • Researchers per million population ││
│ │ • Brain drain/gain ratio ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ CAPITAL ││
│ │ • VC investment as % of GDP ││
│ │ • Government R&D grants ││
│ │ • Angel investor density ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ KNOWLEDGE ││
│ │ • R&D expenditure as % of GDP ││
│ │ • University research output ││
│ │ • Technology transfer rate ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ CULTURE ││
│ │ • Entrepreneurship rate ││
│ │ • Failure tolerance ││
│ │ • Role model visibility ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
│ │
│ ┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐│
│ │ CONNECTIVITY ││
│ │ • Industry-academia partnerships ││
│ │ • Cluster density ││
│ │ • Global network integration ││
│ └─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘│
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
4. Perbandingan Metrik
| Framework |
Input Metrics |
Output Metrics |
Context |
| GII |
38 indicators |
42 indicators |
132 economies |
| StatCan IEP |
Activity indicators |
Outcome indicators |
Canada |
| MIT REAP |
5 dimensions |
Ecosystem health |
Regional |
5. Rekomendasi Metrik untuk Penelitian
5.1 Metrik Utama
| Metrik |
Sumber |
Target |
Relevansi |
| R&D Expenditure (% GDP) |
GII, StatCan |
2% by 2030 |
Innovation input |
| STEM Graduates (% workforce) |
GII |
25% by 2030 |
Human capital |
| Patent Applications |
GII |
50,000/year by 2030 |
Knowledge creation |
| University-Industry R&D |
StatCan |
40% by 2030 |
Collaboration |
| VC Investment (% GDP) |
MIT REAP |
0.5% by 2030 |
Capital |
| High-tech Exports |
GII |
15% by 2030 |
Knowledge diffusion |
5.2 Metrik Kualitatif
| Metrik |
Metode |
Sumber |
| Budaya Inovasi |
Survey, Interview |
MIT REAP |
| Kolaborasi Triple Helix |
Case Study |
TH Framework |
| Kebijakan Inovasi |
Document Analysis |
GII Institutions |
6. Daftar Pustaka
- WIPO (2025). Global Innovation Index 2025. https://www.wipo.int/web-publications/global-innovation-index-2025/
- Statistics Canada (2024). Innovation Ecosystem Performance Indicators. https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/pub/11-633-x/11-633-x2024003-eng.htm
- MIT REAP (2023). Assessing Innovation Ecosystems. https://reap.mit.edu/assets/Assessing-iEcosystems.pdf
- Shofiyani et al. (2026). Triple Helix challenges in Indonesia. Journal of Innovation Ecosystems.