Research Gap: Model Tata Kelola Terintegrasi

Temuan Utama

Berdasarkan systematic literature review yang dilakukan, ditemukan tidak ada model tata kelola terintegrasi yang menggabungkan empat perspektif dalam satu kerangka kerja untuk negara berkembang:

1. STEM Talent Pipeline
2. Innovation Ecosystem
3. Collaborative Governance
4. Triple Helix

Bukti Penelitian

1. Keterbatasan Literature IE Governance

Hoffmann et al. (2022) dalam “Characteristics of Innovation Ecosystems’ Governance: An Integrative Literature Review” menemukan:

“Although it is essential for developing an IE, governance is little discussed in the literature on IE. There is no clarity on which governance characteristics can favour the challenges present in these ecosystems.”

“The results of the integrative review show the scarcity of research that addresses governance in the context of IE.”

Spena et al. (2017) menyatakan:

“IE governance is still a vague topic in the literature.”

2. Triple Helix Terlalu Abstrak dari Perspektif Tata Kelole

Aacademia.edu (2025) dalam studi tentang regional innovation:

“The triple helix model is rather abstract from the governance perspective. Triple helix theory guides application of development theory to practice.”

3. Fragmentasi di Negara Berkembang

Muchsam (2026) untuk Indonesia:

“Indonesia faces several challenges, including outdated curricula, a lack of integrated labor market data, and weak cross-sectoral coordination.”

Tuleun & Abel (2026) untuk Nigeria:

“In developing economies, national efforts to address the digital skills gap have historically been fragmented, lacking continuity as short-term bootcamps or donor-supported pilots.”

4. Belum Ada Framework Terpadu

Simas da Silva et al. (2023):

“These fragmented approaches do not offer an integrated view, leaving a gap in our understanding of how these elements coalesce to govern knowledge effectively within innovation ecosystems.”

“Although the significance of knowledge management and governance in innovation ecosystems is widely acknowledged, the academic and practical literature is yet to present a comprehensive framework.”

5. Konteks Negara Berkembang Masih Terabaikan

Weerasinghe et al. (2024):

“Critical inquiry on National Innovation System: Does NIS fit with developing countries?”

SciELO (2025) untuk Brazil:

“This paper can fill some gaps in the literature, which lacks studies focused on governance characteristics in IEs, mainly in developing countries.”

Kesimpulan

Literature menunjukkan adanya research gap yang signifikan dalam hal: - Integrasi CG-TH-NTM-IE dalam satu framework - Konteks negara berkembang (khususnya Indonesia) - Tata kelola STEM talent dalam innovation ecosystem - Model governance yang terintegrasi untuk talent management nasional

---

Sumber Utama

No	Penulis	Tahun	Judul	Bukti Gap
1	Hoffmann et al.	2022	Characteristics of IE Governance: Integrative Literature Review	IE governance “little discussed”, “scarcity of research”
2	Spena et al.	2017	Referenced in Hoffmann 2022	IE governance “vague topic”
3	Simas da Silva et al.	2023	Towards Effective Ecosystems: Framework for Mapping	“Fragmented approaches do not offer integrated view”
4	Muchsam	2026	Digital Industry: Talent Mapping and TH Partnerships	Indonesia面临weak cross-sectoral coordination
5	Tuleun & Abel	2026	Designing National Digital Talent Pipelines	Developing economies efforts “historically fragmented”
6	Weerasinghe et al.	2024	Critical inquiry on NIS for developing countries	Questioning if NIS fits developing countries
7	SciELO	2025	Governance of IE in Developing Countries: Brazil	“lacks studies focused on governance in IEs, mainly in developing countries”
8	Kaliba	2026	Governance Models for University-Led IE in SSA	“governance models… remain underexplored”